Pneumatic hammer.



No, 884,151. PATENTED APR. 7, 1908. M. HARDSOCG:

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.8.1907.

UNITED s ATEs PATENT OFFICE.

MARTIN HARDSOCG, 0F orTuMWA, IOWA.

PNEUMATIC name.

To all whom "it may concern: 4 Be it known that I, MARTIN HARDSOCG, acitizen of the United States, residing at Ottumwa, in the county ofWapello and State of Iowa, have lnvented certaln new and "useof whic thefollowing is a s ecification.

The presentinvention .re ates more particularly to the construction andarrange- 'ment of the frame and its relation to the head carrying theoperating tool, such as the bits or cutters of a neumatic dr1ll, and isesgeciallydesigned or the use of. penumatic rills andot'her cuttinginstruments or tools in deep'drillin or boring or cutting but can beused in dri ing, boring, orcuttmg generfu'l Improvements in PneumaticHammers,

all lhe objects of the invention are to improve the construction of theframe of a pneu matic hammer, so as-to enable air, or other medium underpressure, to act and hperate the hammer, and .to be dischar ed at thebits or cut ers and. have the disc arged air;

or'other medium. under pressure, in connection the formation of theframe, furnlsh'arellable and effective means for remov I ,ing thecuttings, dust and articles produced ,in the 0 eration of the (in l'ortool; to construct t e frame,' so as to provide a barrel with a chamberfor the hammerand for the shank of the tool head, and with'passages foradmitting air or other medium under pressure, to reciprocate the hammerand afterdrivi n the hammer forwarmbe discharged at the its or-cuttersof the tool to construct a frame, having a central straight barrel withahammer therein, and having exteriorl'y on the barreloppo'sitely runningspiral flanges,

with passages and (ports in the flanges for admitting compresse'scharging than, or other medium un- Y der pressure, at-the bits-orcutters from the hammer'cha'mber; to furnish the frame with a centralchamber with ports, leading therefrom, for the ports are-mum with sidepassages and (ports in the spiral flanges for admitting an dischargingcompressed air,

or other medium under pressure, into and from the chamber; tH'furnish aframe, havinga straight central chamber to coact withv im uction andeduction passages in the s iral flanges aroundthe chamber, and a plugavin'gan induction passage in communication 8pecification of LettersPatent.

Application'flled March a, 1907. ser1alNo.361,295.

the correlated air, or other medium 1111-, =de'r ressure, to the hammerchamber, and

for i Patented April 7, 1908.

. Spiral flanges, and also closing the end of the chamber, for admittingcompressed air or other.

with the induction passages of the pressure to the chamber; to furnish aconnection, between thedischarge or eduction passages of the spiral.flan es of the frame and the tool head, for pressed air, or othermedium under pressure, atthe bits or cutters; to furnish, by the spiralflanges, a screw around th'e'barrel of e frame for positively andeffectually removing the cuttings, dust and fine particles,

produced bylthe operation or action of the its or cutters or othertools; and to im.-

prove generally the construction and operation of the frame and thespiral screw, with I parts entering into the formation ofthe tool as awhole.

The invention consists in the features of construction and combinationof parts hereinafter described and claimed;

i. In the drawings Figure 1 is a side-elevation of the frame, showingthe spiral flanges around the barrel, and showin thesu ply pipe forcompressed air or ot er me pm under pressure brokenoff, and showing adrill head with bits. or cutters connected with the frame; Fig. 2 asectional elevation of the frame and s iral-flanges, showin theconstruction as if t e flanges were unfo tied,- in order tic illustrateclearly the induction and eduction passages in the spiral flanges}.

Fig. 3 an end elevation of the frame; and

ischarging *com- 4a cross section on line a-a of =Fig. 2.

fihedrill shown has a head with a plurality of bits or cutters, butother formsof bits or cutters could be-used, and other forms of tools orinstruments than drills are capable of use with the frame. Thearrangement shown has, at each end of the drill head, an

outer or end bit or cutter 1 and intermediate bits or cutters 2 and 3,so that the head has a plurality of bits or cutters; The head 4 is of ashape, asto length-and width,.to receive a the bits or cutters; and, asshown, the 'head has a cross hole 5 to facilitate the removalfrom thehead of the hit or'cutter in-line with the shank of the head. I

The head has a'shank 6 to enter the chamber 7 of the barrel 8 of theframe, which shank constitutes a. driven stem; and plus, shown, theshank or stem has a slot 9 J which passes a bar 10, secured in thewallh'f the barrel, and by'which 'slot and thev this chamber 14, onopposite head has a limited end. movement for operatshoulder furnishes arest for an encircling tube, not shown. The chamber 7 terminates in achamber 14 of a greater diameter in cross section than the chamber 7,and from sides, a port 15 leads. Each -port 15 communicates with a lonitudinal spiral passage 16, formed in eac spiral flange 11, and ppeningthrough the front end ofeach flange; and each passage 16, at its mouthor front end, has entered thereinto a tube 17, which extends into a hole18 in the head so as to, in effect, continue the massage 16 through thebit or cutter hea as shown in Fig, 2.

The barrel 8 has an interior circumferential Wall 19, located betweenthe chamber 14 and a chamber 20, and from. the chamber 20, on

each side, a port 21 leads. Each port 21 is in communication with alongitudinal spiral passage 22 formed in each spiral flange 11, and eachspiral passage 22, at its rear or receiving end, has a port 23 leadinginwardly therefrom! 'The ports 23 each comn'iunicate with a crosspassage 24, with which alon itudinal passage 25 communicates and t ecross assage 24 and longitudinal passe cs 25 are ormed in a head 26,having a nee 27 with an exterior screw thread for entering the neck intothe end wall of the frame and barrel, .asshown in Fig. 2, so as tofurnish a conduit 9 passage for supplying compressed air, or

"bthe i medium unr er pressure, to the spiral side passages 22 of theframe. The barrel (has, an interior circumferential wall 28,

located between the clr-gpnbor 20 and a charm ber 29, which chamber 29continued as a chamber or hole 30, wl'iich receives the neck 27 of theclosing plug, as shown in Fig. 2, t the chamber of the barrel, as awhole, is used at the outer or rear end by the plug. The barrel haslocated therein, rearward of theshanlror driven stem 6, a hammer having.a driving end or head 31, continued as a body 32, guided find heldiwtu-een the circumf8rential wall 19 and torininati tag at its rear endWl th whole. a The body 32 of the hammer has central passage 35extending longitudinally nlarged portion or head 33, guided and,

therein and opening at its rear end through the head 33, from whichpassage 35 lateral ports or passages 36 lead. through the head 33, sothat, When the hammer is receded, communication is established with thechamber 29, admitting compressed air, or other mediumunder pressure, tothe passage, 35 for the air, or other medium under pressure, to act andthrust or drive forward the harm mer as a Whole. The passage 35,adjacent to its forward end, has leading therefrom lateral passages or,ports 37 tofurnish eo1nmunication between the passage 35 and the chamber14-, for compressed air, or other medium under pressure, to flow fromthe passage 35 through the ports 15 into the spiral passages 16 and bedischarged, through t e tubes 17 and passages 18, at the acting end ofthe head around the bits or cutters.

The head or pliw 26 has a screw threaded hole, in line with the passage25, which receive's a tube 38, and the tube 38 has entered thereinto acoupling tube 39 on which is threaded a coupling ring 40 of a supplytube 41, leading from a source oi' comjpressed air, or other mediumunder "pressure, so as to supply-the compressed air, or other mediumunder pressure, to the passage 25, for the air or other medium underpressure, to enter the spiral side passages throughv the ports 23 andbedischarged into the. chamber 20 through the ports 21 to act against theabut mentor face 34 of the hami'ne'r and force back or rec-ode thehammer as a whole.

The parts are .assembled'by inserting the tubes 17 into the front endsor mouths of the spiral side passages 16 and entering the tubes 17 intothe passages 18 of the head, and en-- tering the stem 6 into the chamber7 of the barrel 8, and securing the shank or stem 6 and the head 4, withthe ,bits or cutters thereon, against dropping out from the chamber bypassin the bar or} key 10 throu h the Wall of t e barrel 8 and the slot9 of t e stem or shank. The hammer, as a whole, is entered into thechamber of the barrel rearward. of the stenrfi of the head, and afterthe hammer is entered, the plug or head 26'is entered into the end ofthe frame and the barrel so as to close thechainber of the hammer andhave the port or-passage 24. in communication with the ports 23, asshown in Fig. 2. 'lhetubcl38 and the coupling tube 39 are entered intoposition, so as to have the coupling tube 39 receive the coupling ring40 of the supply tube or, pipe 43, completing the commotion of theframe, with the source of supply for the compressed air,

or other medium under pressure, ready for use or operation of tlie drillor tool.

in operation, the .coi'npressed air, or other medium under pressure,flows through the passage 25 into theoross passagc'24 and enters thespiral side passages 22 through the The hammer,

sure, dischar passage 35 and'act against the rear face of the ammer andthe front end a face of the passage 35 and overcome the pressure of thefluid against the abutment or end face 34 and drive forward the hammeras a whole, and in such driving forward of the hammer the admitted fluidcannot'escape from the passage 35 owing to the closing of the lateralpassages or -ports 37, with the passing of such passagles withinthecircum- 20 erential walll by t e recession or forcing back of the hammeras a whole. The forward drive or thrust of the hammer, as a whole,causes its acting end or head 31 to contact the end of the driven stem 6and drive forward the stem, and with it thehead 4 and the bits orcutters or other. tool carried thereby, causing the bits or cuttersorother tool to act and perform the cutting or drilling o eration. Theforward throw or thrust of t e hammer as a Whole, closes theports orpassages 36 by the. wall 28 and opens the.

ports or passages 37 for communication between the passage 35 and thechamber 14, admittin fluidto the chamber 14 .for the fluid to ow throu hthe ports 15 and spiral passages 16 and t rough the tubes 17 and.passages 18 to the front'of the head 4, around the bits or cutterscarried by the head. The compressed air or other medium under presed atthe front' of the head 4 around the bits or cutters, has a free passageback through the spiralpathway around the barrel formed by the spiralflanges 11, which encircle the barrel 8 in opposite directions. Thedischarged compressed air, or other me dium under pressure, carries backwith it the cuttings, dust and fine particles, produced by the cuttingor spiral pathways of the spiral flanges, so that t e pathways andflange will act to carry ,rearwardthe cuttings, dust and-fine particlesfrom in front of the bit or cutterhead, clearing the bits or cuttersfrom the cuttings, dust and fine particles and preventing any accuelsethat would interfere mulation of the cuttings, dust and fine partiof thedrill or other too and this for" the reason that thecuttin s, clesarepositively an effectually removed .through'the action of the. blastof discharged ressure, and the air, or other medium under removal Willbe spiral of the frame, and suc had as fast as the cuttings, dust andfine particles are produced.

boring 0 creation, into the with the operation l dust and fine paiti- VThe frame of the present invention, with its straight barrel andexterior spiral flanges, is especlally adapted for use in deep drillingor boring, as the spirals of the frame will operate to carry upward orrearward ofthe cutter head all the cuttings, dust and fine particles;and such carrying upward or rearward of the cuttings, dust and fineparticles, is facilitated and insured by the blast of :com-

' pressed air, or other medium under pressure,

discharged at thefront of the head around the bits or cutters, or othertools; and While tion with a tool head carrying drill bits or cutters,it is to be understood that the hamuse, and can be used, with a toolhead of other formation than the one shown, and for other purposes thandeep drilling or boring; and that one spiral flange only can have theinduction and eductionpassages, or one spiral flange can have theinduction passage leading to the chamber 20 and the other spiral flangecan have the eduction passage leading from the chamber 14, so long asthe flanges have induction-and eduction passages for operating thehammer and dischargmg ,the compressed air, or other medium, at the frontof the tool head.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

, 1. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a straight centralbarrel, and spiral the pneumatic hammer is shown inconnecflangesencircling the barrel and running in opposite directions on the barrel,the "barrel having a central chamber to receive the'haniioo mer and thespiral flanges having spiral passages for inducting an the spiralpassages in communication with the chamber of the barrel, substantiallyas described.

' 2. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame 'consp ral flanges encirchng thebarrel and running in sisting ofastraight central barrel, and

opposite directions on the barrel, the barrel having a central chamberdivided into sections, one section to-receive a driven, stem and anothersection to receive the driving hammer, each spiral flange having aspiral induction passage and a spiral eduction passage for fluid, withthe spiral induction pas sages in communication with the chamber of thebarrel for admitting fluid to operate the hammer, and with the spiraleduction pas-' sages opening through the discharge end of the frame,substantiallyas described.

3. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame con sisting of a straight centralbarrel, and spiral flanges encircling the barrel and running in op ositedirections on the barrel and provldhd with induction and eductionpassages for fluid, the barrel having a central chamher, with a fluidinduction section incom educting fluid with opposite directions on thebarrel, and. proflanges encircling the imrrel and running in flangesencirtning the barrel and rinnnng 1n eduetion ensu -e of tho-l ralnefordischur 'iiw b .P! I

municetion with the induction passages of the flanges, and it fluid.etluetion section in eolnrnuniention with the eduotion passages of thellznigee for fluid to net and rbeede and drive lorwerd'the hammer,substantially as described. i

i 4. in :tpneunuitie hammer, it l'ral'ne eom sisting of it straightcentral lmrrel, and spiral opposite directions on the barrel, the barrelhaving a central chamber, with n lluid induction section. and u i'lliideduetionsection for [luid to not fiil'lll'ltt fitlfl and drivelUl'Wl'tItl the hmniner, end each spiral hinge having a spiral inductionpassage for fluid in oonnnunieation with the lluid induction soetirni ofthe barrel olmniher, and a spiraleduotion passage for lluid openingthrough the forward end of the flange and in 0on1niunicntion with thefluid eduetion smition ol' the barrel elnnnher, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a pneunnttie hnnuner, e l'rnn e con sisting of a straight centralbarrel having it central longitudinal ohmnhor, and spiral hingesencircling the lntrrel and rui'ining in V'Itltlil with induction. andcduotion puss ges for fluid, both 'lnssuges in eoinnniniration with thecentral ehmnher of the barrel, and n driving hnnnnor entered into theCllttllll'lll of the barrel and against which udnlitted lluid from theinduetion pueszigesot the lhtnggrs nets to reeede and drive forwardthehmnnier, substantially as described,

6. .[n a pneumatic hztnnner, n1 l'rrnne 0011-, sisting of a etreighteentrnl inn-rel, and spirel opposite directions on the lmrrelnndprovided with induction and eduhtion passages, the barrel having atevntrnl chamber [or rearriving; at driving. hennner', a tool headhaving; passages in its body, and tubes (-onneeting eeeh passage of thetool head with a spiral pressure in :nlvnnee ol'the tool head, suh-'stentielly :is deseriheth I i 7. in n pneumatic hennner, nv l'rmnoconsisting of e straight central barrel and spiral [hinges entirelingthe barrel and running in opposite direetirnis on the barrel, the barrelhaving a central ehmnherto receive a, hamnier, end one of the spiralllnnges having spiral passages for inducting end (ducting fluid, with.the passages in ronnnl'iniontion with the uhinnlu-r ol' the barrel,substantially as doserihed. l

8. in n [)Iltlll'i'llllll" lninnner, n l'rnme ron- 1 l 88mm hammer and aspn Bid eduetion passage for edueting fluid sitter operating the hammer,each passage in communication with the chamber of the barrel and theeduction pessege opening tl'iri'nigh the forward end of the flange,substantial! e described 9. in pneumatic hammer, e frameeonsisting of tstraight central barrel and spiral l'le nges 'eneireling the barrel andrunning in opposite directions on the barrel, the barrel having a.eentrelchelnher, and one of thee irel [hinges having an inductionpassage an en eduetion passage for fluid, both passages ineon]rnunien-tion with the chamber of the her rel, adriven stein.operative in theeheinher or the barrel, a driving hammer eperetive inthe ehnniber ol' the barrel and eetueted by lluitl admitted through theinduction passage oil? the spiral lle'nge, substantially he deeerihed.10. In e pneumatic hun'nner, at m le eon sisting of a straight centralbarrel riid spiral flanges enoire'ling the barrel and running inopposite directions on the herrel, the barrel having a central rheniher,end one of the spiral flanges having an induction pessego end enednetion passage for fluid, both in communication with the chamber ofthe barrel, e driven stern operative in the chamber of the 'hn'rrrl, atdriving hammer in the ehninher of the lnitrrel end netueted by fluidedini' ed through the induction passage of the eirnl 'lhinge, eelesingplug; for the reel" end 0' the lrerne mul chamber, the plug having itlongitudinal pnssz'tge end at cross nessnge in its body l or athnittinofluid to the induction pus sage ol' thespirul 'llmige, and o, tool heedeon-- ni-cted with the stem end having a, pusse ge through its body ineonununieetion with the ednetion peesnge ol' the spiral flange fordiecharging fluid in ndvenee or the heed, only stunliielly as desorilmll l. in u pneumatic hnnnnrr, l'rituie lonsuiting ol nstrnigl'it eentrnlhni end spirhl flanges eneireling the linirrrl and running in.

ion

having it rvntrul eheniher, end one of the spiral llnnges l'iavingnn'induotion manage and an edurtion passage l'or lluid, lioth inconnnuni urtion with the chamber of the her rel, it driven steinoperative in the el'ieinher ol the hurrel, at driving hnn'uner operativein the elmnlher of the barrel and actuated by lluid admitted through theinduction pessnge of the spiral fluiuro, a closing plug for the rear endof the frame and chamber, the plug having a longitiuiinzil passage anda, cross passage in its body for admit 'ng iiuid to the sisting ol' :1central lmrrel uud spirnl [hinges rlielll lillg the hati'lrl and runningin opposite dirlmtions on the lmrrel, thrlmrrei having :1 centredrlnnnhrr divided into srrlions,, one section to llf.(l\'l :1 driven stemand n'nothrr "Hll'fllflll to rveeivr a driving hummer, end one of thespiral hinges halving n. shirnl inllurtion par-surge in! indurlingrllnid to uni-rule the induction. passer .ol the spiral lhinge, e toollie-(id eonneoted with ll passage through its body, Illt"ll 1 f lhe,lbw" "l'lhu tool hruilj'i ll' 'ltron p'nssugnfi hi tn:- hpirnllisting-5r lior dis-- hinging llnid in udrnuho ol the tool lived,suhelnntiully its dlw-aerihed.

l l2. in u pnrunnttie hnnnherii l'riluie run dein and lowing n and utube eonslsmng opa snmlght (:entral barrel and spirali munication withthe spiral eduction pasflanges encircling the barrel and running insages of the frame for dischar ing fluid in adop osite directions on thebarrel and pro- Vance of the head, substantiafiy as described. vi d withinduction and eduction passages, 1 MARTIN UAR DSOCG.

.5 the barrel having a central chamber for-re- Witnesses: I ceiving adriving hammer, and a tool head JOSEPH KEARNS,

having pas shges thrdugh its body in comi HELEN LOTsPEICH.

